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121 lines
5.8 KiB
Markdown
*Content Warning: The following article contains extensive discussion on
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torture, rape and murder*
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The **Pinochet Dictatorship** or **Military Dictatorship of Chile**
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refers to the rule of authoritarian, militaristic government led by
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[Augusto Pinochet](Augusto_Pinochet "wikilink") in
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[Chile](Chile "wikilink") from
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[1973](Chilean_Military_Coup_\(1973\) "wikilink") to
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[1990](Chilean_Transition_to_Democracy "wikilink"). The dictatorship
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acted as a [client state to US
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interests](Timeline_of_US_Imperialism "wikilink"), and began the first
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experiments in [neoliberal economic policy](Neoliberalism "wikilink"),
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which was disastrous for the working class but succeeded in restoring
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the rate of profit to high levels.
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## Origins
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In response to [Salvador Allende's](Salvador_Allende "wikilink") efforts
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to nationalise US-owned copper mines (to fund a larger welfare state)
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and grassroots efforts to create [workers'
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self-management](Workers'_Self-Management "wikilink").
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## Foreign Relations
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## Economics
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## Crimes Against Humanity
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The dictatorship committed numerous crimes against humanity and
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instituted a reign of terror to purge Chile of leftists, killing between
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2,000 and 30,000 people, 27,000 people being tortured (and survived) and
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200,000 people were forced into exile (mainly to
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[Argentina](Argentina "wikilink")). In other words, 2.2% of Chile's
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population (of 10.1 million) had their lives ended or ruined by the
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dictatorship.\[1\]
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The [National
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Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio_Nacional_Julio_Mart%C3%ADnez_Pr%C3%A1danos)
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in Santiago was converted into a detention centre (one of 80 in
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Santiago), over 40,000 people were held there over 17 years, with the
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locker rooms and changing rooms were where prisoners were first to sleep
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and torture and executions were performed in the velodrome (including
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killing two American journalists, [Frank Teruggi
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Jr.](Frank_Teruggi_Jr. "wikilink") and [Charles
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Horman](Charles_Horman "wikilink")). Other buildings were converted into
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secret detention centres, and horrors occurred in all of them. Some of
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these horrors include:
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- Electrocution of open wounds and the genitals on a person tied up on
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a metal bed.\[2\]
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- Arresting entire families if a single member had leftist sympathies,
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and forcing family members to watch soldiers rape other members of
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their family, in other situations, families or close friends would
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have to listen to their beloved being tortured.\[3\]
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- Forcing prisoners to crawl on the ground and lick the dirt off the
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floors. If the prisoners complained or even collapsed from
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exhaustion, they were promptly executed.\[4\]
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- Forcing prisoners to swim in vats of 'excrement (shit) and eat and
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drink it.\[5\]
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- Forcing prisoners to stay awake for five days while lying down,
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threatening to kill their children if they didn't.
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- Forcing prisoners to lie down and driving trucks and cars over their
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arms and legs, crushing their bones.\[6\]
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- Beating prisoners to the point that they'd either be deaf from being
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hit on the ears or have broken arms and legs, occasionally,
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amputation would be used as a torture technique.\[7\]
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- Pouring water over a cloth that covered prisons' faces and breathing
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passages, causing individuals to experience a drowning sensation,
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and a near-death experience and killing many through
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asphyxiation.\[8\]
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- Prisoners were hung upside-down with ropes, and they were dropped
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into a tank of water, headfirst. The water was contaminated (with
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poisonous chemicals, shit and piss) and filled with debris.\[9\]
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- Anal rape of prisoners by soldiers while soldiers insulted them to
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break their spirit.\[10\]
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- Using dogs to rape prisoners and inserting rats into prisoners
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anuses and vaginas.\[11\]
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- Forcing female prisoners to engage in sex with their brothers and
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fathers at gunpoint.\[12\]
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- Throwing dissidents from helicopters into the ocean, rivers, lakes
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or mountains where they would be instantly killed (and spend the
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last seconds of their live in absolute terror) and their bodies
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never found.\[13\] This method of torture is continuously joked
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about in online right-wing spaces as their 'joking' plan for
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leftists.\[14\]
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- Many victims reported suffering from [post traumatic stress
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disorder](PTSD "wikilink"), Fall of Dictatorshoiliation,
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worthlessness, [shame](shame "wikilink"),
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[anxiety](anxiety "wikilink") and hopelessness.\[15\]
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## Resistanci
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## End
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1. [Wikipedia](Wikipedia "wikilink") -
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<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_dictatorship_of_Chile_(1973%E2%80%931990)#Dictatorship_violence>
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2. Peter Kornbluh (2003) *The Pinochet File: a Declassified Dossier on
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Atrocity and Accountability*
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3. Report of the Chilean National Commission on Truth and
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Reconciliation
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4. [Wikipedia](Wikipedia "wikilink") -
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<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_violations_in_Pinochet%27s_Chile#Physical_torture>
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5. Peter Kornbluh (September 11, 2013). *The Pinochet File: A
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Declassified Dossier on Atrocity and Accountability, page 171*
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6. Temma Kaplan, *Taking Back the Streets: Women, Youth, and Direct
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Democracy*. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004
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7.
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8. Christian Correa, "Waterboarding Prisoners and Justifying
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Torture:Lessons for the U.S. from the Chilean Experience,"p.22-23
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9.
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10. Peter Kornbluh, *The Pinochet File: A Declassified Dossier on
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Atrocity and Accountability,* 169-170
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11. "Informe de la Comisión Nacional sobre Prisión Política y Tortura,"
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National Commission Report on Political Prisoners and Torture,"
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2005, 249-250
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12.
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13. [Wikipedia](Wikipedia "wikilink") -
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<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_flights#Chilean_dictatorship>
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14. <https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/free-helicopter-rides>
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15. Christian Correa, "Waterboarding Prisoners and Justifying
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Torture:Lessons for the U.S. from the Chilean Experience,"p.22-23 |